The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. Definition. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. Quiz Chapters EME 4312 Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? "Best study app ever! Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. microprocessor/ processor. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Level. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. Chapter 3: Computer Software Flashcards | Quizlet Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). Produce results (output) 4. The First Microcomputer: The Q1 | Hackaday The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. true. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. It has pre-programmed curricular material. EE3463 Test 1 Written S15.docx - Name_Banner ID_ Page 1 of The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. workstations. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. True False The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Invention of the PC - HISTORY Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History