british army of the rhine bases british army of the rhine bases

[68] By the time the amphibious phase of Operation Plunder commenced at 09:00 on 23 March,[69] 61,000 tonnes (60,000 long tons) of ammunition, 18,000 tonnes (18,000 long tons) of POL, 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of supplies, 30,000 tonnes (30,000 long tons) of engineer stores and 5,500 tonnes (5,400 long tons) of other stores had been dumped at No. [71] The supplies dropped represented a day's supply of food, fuel and petrol for the two divisions. [13], With the departure of Major General John Henderson in March 2015, the Commanding Officer of British Forces Germany became a brigadier's post, with Brigadier Ian Bell assuming command. [32][34], To free up administrative units to support the advance into Germany, it was decided to shorten the line of communications by closing down the RMA in Normandy, where some 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were still held. In 1947 all Batteries except those of the Royal Horse Artillery were placed on a single roll. British Army of the Rhine - Wikipedia There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Deliveries of ammunition averaged 4,800 tonnes (4,700 long tons) per day, peaking at 9,300 tonnes (9,150 long tons) on 25 March. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. [63] The final troop movements for Operation Plunder involved 662 tanks, over 4,000 tank transporters and 32,000 other vehicles. French, David. Railway units were moved forward, and only one railway group headquarters and two railway operating companies were left in France, Belgium and the Netherlands south of the Waal. The British Army of the Rhine - Apple Books In due course it was relieved by a vehicle park from Italy. [51] Rations were moved forward however, and 2,318,222 rations were stockpiled for Operation Veritable. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. The offensive was supported by 600 field and 300 medium guns. [89][90], Despite this, stocks at the Nos. The British Army of the Rhine After the First World War - Goodreads Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. Not all general accounts of the postwar army have overlooked the services experiences in developing ground forces for nuclear war, however. The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. As of 1 April 1989, the following amounts of troops were deployed around the world: 71,000 in Great Britain, 56,000 (of which the Berlin brigade makes up 3,000), 10,200 in Northern Ireland (including 3,200 on roulement), 5,000 in Hong Kong, 4,000 in the Lines of Communications counties (Netherlands . as (hopefully) more information is found or supplied. British army inner german border.jpg 1,941 1,368 . REME Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers Includes two chapters on National Service and professional recruitment after 1945, both of which were issues that influenced force generation in BAOR throughout its existence. 11 Army Roadhead, it was dependent on the daily arrival of ammunition trains. The "Waterloo" class 9 FBE could not be built at the intended site at Rees on 24 March because the town had not been captured. Damaged vehicles on the east bank of the Rhine were collected at points near the river and transported back on rafts. Start reading The British Army of the Rhine for free online and get access to an unlimited library of academic and non-fiction books on Perlego. SALUTE South London Warlords. After the successful Normandy landings, the units of 21st Army Group crossed the river Rhine near the Germany city of Wesel on 23 March 1945. [12] The two central garrisons - Gtersloh and Paderborn - combined to form a single 'super garrison' called Westfalen Garrison in April 2014. This merely delayed work on the bridge, which was opened to traffic at 20:15. This gave them sufficient petrol to advance for 200 and 180 miles (320 and 290km) respectively, although no such rapid advance was contemplated, the supplies being to sustain the divisions in operations when the road network became congested with operational traffic. Army Group Royal Artillery . A sweeping review of four hundred years of British army history. 12 and 14 Army Roadheads were being run down. [58], The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), which was responsible for the northern portions of the central front in West Germany, had been judged to be capable of holding out for as little as two days. Instead, 18th GHQ Troops Engineers erected it the following day at a downstream site near the town of Honnopel. History of the British Army of the Rhine 06.09.14 - YouTube To conserve scarce manpower, the British and Canadian forces employed mechanisation and materiel to maximum effect. Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition were made available. If you can't find it - tell us, if you know something - tell us. By 1945 the British Army was highly experienced, professional and proficient. [73], The assault divisions established ordnance dumps on the west bank of the Rhine with at least one section of the divisional ordnance field park from which urgently required equipment and spare parts for vehicles could be sent across by DUKW without delay. Some 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of wooden piles, baulks and chesses was assembled for the project. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. These provided health care and bathing and delousing with DDT to prevent the spread of disease. 167 FMC was handed over to it, and became No. It was therefore decided that the floating bridges should be replaced by semi-permanent ones as soon as operational circumstances permitted. [38] Operation Blackcock, a preliminary operation to clear German forces from the Roer Triangle, was carried out by the XII Corps in January 1945. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools . [19], During the height of "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland, the IRA targeted personnel in Germany between 1988 and 1990. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. Covered accommodation was eventually provided for between 300,000 and 400,000 troops. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on Another 640 tonnes (630 long tons) was reallocated from the First Canadian Army, and .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}7+12 platoons were made available taking the transport from an anti-aircraft brigade. British Army of the Rhine There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. Garrisons which closed at this time included Soest (home of the 6th Armoured Brigade),[8] Soltau (home of the 7th Armoured Brigade)[9] and Minden (home of the 11th Armoured Brigade).[10]. By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. WO2 Served from 1974 - 1994 Served in British Army of the Rhine. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". BMH Iserlohn was housed in Argonne Barracks which was a German Calvary and Armoured Regiment building from the 1930s. Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany.After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for . 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. British army the rhine hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy 206 FMC. The United States and the Middle East, 1945-2001, World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. [5], First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, and consisted, by the early 1980s, of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division. [81] The XII Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge, a class 12 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. In the forward area, land mines and the few tracks through the Reichswald Forest kept transport on the roads, and the traffic combined with thaws and heavy rains contributed to the rapid deterioration of the roads. Learning and Adapting: The British Army from Somme to the Mexico and the United States, 18361848, Wars of, Semi-Military and Paramilitary Organizations, South West Pacific, 19411945, Campaigns in, Southeast Asian Military History, Colonial, Southeast Asian Military History, Precolonial. British Army Royal Engineers enaged in the building of The Freeman Bridge, The River Rhine, Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. [13], During the German Ardennes Offensive in December 1944, the Supreme Allied Commander, General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, transferred the US First and Ninth Armies to Montgomery's command. [63] Units participating in Operation Plunder were re-equipped before the start of the operation. 1945British Army Royal Engineers enaged in the building of The Freeman Bridge, The River Rhine, Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 13 Army Roadhead while II Canadian Corps advanced on Oldenburg supported from No. Download Citation | The British Army of the Rhine | The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority . The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. Traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano . Branch British Army. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. A.G.B. Likewise, French 2008 and Strachan 2000 have produced histories of the cultural attitudes of the British Army and how the institution relates to wider society. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. A 229-metre (751ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was erected by the 7th Army Troops Engineers at Well and a 270-metre (880ft) one by the 6th Army Troops Engineers at Lottum was opened for traffic on 10 March. BAOR stands for British Army Of the Rhine. Daily expenditure of ammunition soon exceeded a trainload, so the non-arrival of even one train meant that ammunition had to be drawn from the Second Army roadhead at Bourg Leopold. But back in the 1950s, a posting in Germ. badge, formation, British, I Corps & 1st Corps. - Imperial War Museums The Operation Pluto Dumbo pipeline was now in operation. 13 Army Roadhead. [9] This required major operations, and the port was not opened for shipping until 26 November. The British Army of 19441945 was highly mechanised, which conferred great tactical and strategic manoeuvrability. The 18th Line of Communications Sub Area was formed on 25 April and assigned to the First Canadian Army; the 19th joined the 15th; and the 20th relieved the 4th around Brussels, allowing it to take over the region to the north east of Nijmegen. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. SGT Served from 1967 - 1985 Served in British Army of the Rhine. We are pleased to announce that Eureka Miniatures UK will once again be attending the hugely popular SALUTE at ExCeL, London on Saturday 22nd April 2023. [7] Following a further spending review, one brigade was withdrawn and Osnabrck Garrison closed in 2009. The 11th Line of Communications Area took over the administration of the ports and the entire advanced base area, freeing the 12th Line of Communications Area headquarters to move forward. Country United Kingdom. Media in category "British Army of the Rhine". Lorries then took them to the dispersal point at Renaix via Lyon and Dijon, guided by road markers that read "GF". This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:31. 2019 Ted Fund Donors Large numbers of displaced persons were also encountered, and they were accommodated in special camps. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. [PDF] The British Army of the Rhine by Peter Speiser | Perlego [28][29], At the start of January 1945, British bulk storage facilities were more than sufficient to hold the thirty days' reserve of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) that Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) stipulated should be held, but the American position was not so good. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after World War I, and the other after World War II. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. [44] The 25-pounders were each provided with an additional 1,471 rounds in addition to the 206 rounds per gun each regiment normally carried. Only the class 70 bridges would take a loaded tank transporter. A third bridge, "Westminster", was commenced by the 6th Army Troops Engineers on 26 March, completed at 18:00 on 29 March, and ceremoniously opened by Dempsey the next morning. Look through examples of British Army of the Rhine translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. [79] Seven American combat engineer battalions assisted with road and bridge maintenance in the British Second Army area. Two pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. Recourse was therefore made to Weasel tracked vehicles, and every available Weasel was rushed to the front. The British presence was estimated to have been contributing 1.5 billion euros annually to the German economy in 2004. Tony Lord. [28], Originally scheduled to start on 12 January 1945, when the ground would have been hard and frozen and off-road vehicle movement possible, Operation Veritable was delayed for five weeks by the Ardennes Offensive. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. british army of the rhine bases. During the month, 432 trains delivered 230,000 tonnes (230,000 long tons) to 37 railheads in the British Second Army area. [12] Petrol was brought in tankers and over the Operation Pluto pipeline. British Army of the Rhine - BAOR Locations These were manufactured locally in Brussels and fitted in Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) workshops. The 17th and 19th Line of Communications Sub Area assumed responsibility for the region around Lille, allowing the 15th Line of Communications Sub Area to move to the area between the Maas and the Rhine. Initially Goldflake convoys sailed to Marseilles by a direct route but after the Battle of the Ligurian Sea on the night of 17/18 March they were routed further south, through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. [74], The South Beveland Canal was opened on 19 February to allow inland water transport to reach the Dutch canal system when the western Netherlands were liberated. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) | Army Rumour Service Please subscribe or login. Free shipping for many products! There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. British Army of the Rhine - The Great War (1914-1918) Forum The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The army roadheads were mainly supplied by rail. Their construction would require 3,000 wooden piles 30 centimetres (12in) in diameter and 18 to 23 metres (60 to 75ft) in length. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. Cold War British Army Threat Recognition Guide It's the 1980s and the British Army Of the Rhine is still stationed in West Germany facing down the USSR's forces. The British Army of the Rhine - researchgate.net This saved on road transport, but at the cost of some degree of flexibility. By this time a thaw had set in, and the ground was now soft and muddy, restricting off-road vehicle movement. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! It would also free transport to support a rapid advance. The BAOR was formerly armed with tactical nuclear weapons. [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). [16] However, some training will still be undertaken in Germany with regard to NATO capability. [62], Once the link-up with the ground forces was effected, the 6th Airborne Division drew its supplies from XII Corps, while the US 17th Airborne Division drew its from the US Ninth Army. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. [4] Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. [4] German resistance was stubborn, and the British and Canadian advance much slower than planned until July,[5] when the American Operation Cobra broke through the German defences. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. Four days later orders came that disarmed troops would no longer have prisoner of war status, but would be classified as Surrendered Enemy Personnel, and that their own officers would be responsible for their administration. A new type was flown out direct from the UK factory by priority air freight and fitted to the tanks. Due to changing operational requirements, it was ultimately decided to build only three semi-permanent class 40 bridges, at Xanten, Rees and Arnhem, and two class 70 bridges, at Rees and Arnhem. British Army Of The Rhine Bases FOR SALE! - PicClick UK Commanders in Chief. [12] Civilian labour was utilised at the bases in a variety of tasks to enable military personnel to be released for service in forward areas. [44], Thus far in the campaign in North West Europe, XXX Corps had only served as part of the British Second Army, and it found that maintenance procedures of the First Canadian Army differed from what it had been used to due to the fact that the First Canadian Army's operations had been conducted where there had been adequate communications. By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. 36 British_army_of_the_rhine Premium High Res Photos - Getty Images [70] Of the 610 tonnes (600 long tons) of supplies and equipment dropped, 80 per cent was recovered. [6], Disbandment of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG) in 1994, following the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, reduced the strength of the British Armed Forces in Germany by almost 30,000 with just one division (1st Armoured) remaining by the late 1990s,[7] concentrated in North Rhine-Westphalia. BMH Munster was one of several BAOR (British Army On The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. The bivouac areas were provided with temporary billets, latrines, emergency rations and fuel, and medical teams and vehicle maintenance crews were on hand. Contents 1 History 1.1 1919-1929 Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. Crossing the Rhine | World War II Database - WW2DB [60] Every available amphibious craft was collected. british army of the rhine bases. [36] Operation Veritable would be spearheaded by the five British divisions of Lieutenant General Sir Brian Horrocks's XXX Corps, and would form part of a giant pincer movement with Operation Grenade, which would be conducted by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson's US Ninth Army. The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 19451970. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. + $18.23 shipping. The Cold War has gotten hot and the 3rd Shock Army is approaching your dugout but how do you differentiate a BTR from a BMP? [35] It would be carried out by General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army, which was built up to a strength of 449,865 personnel through the addition of large numbers of British troops; counting civilians and prisoners of war, the army had a ration strength of 476,193. British Army of the Rhine - Alchetron British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. Between 6 and 8 April, the 21st Army Group released another 4,630 tonnes (4,560 long tons) of road transport, along with two DUKW companies that were converted to using 3-ton trucks. The second British Army on the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from 21st Army Group. No. [80] Although working in the British Second Army area, they remained under the command of the US Ninth Army. Margaret Brown. A special train brought the required stores to the Second Army railhead within 48 hours of a demand being lodged with the advance base. 167 FMC, established by the XXX Corps which held only petrol, compo ration packs and ammunition. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine on 23 March. Ron. Wikizero - British Army of the Rhine This operation to cross the northern Rhine River launched in the night of 23 Mar 1945. During this advance it suffered 7,665 casualties and captured 78,108 prisoners. They only operated until newly constructed bridges were able to take traffic, which occurred about 72 hours into the operation. Bulk demands for artillery equipment, clothing and general stores were sent periodically by the formation's R.C.O.C. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. The Making of the British Army: From the English Civil War to the War on Terror. [55], When the II Canadian Corps assumed control of the left sector on 15 February, No. Amazon.com: Chieftain: The British Army of the Rhine (Assault Series There were tactical, operational and political reasons for this: the best sites for a crossing of the Rhine were there;[20] a crossing in the north gave access to the North German Plain, where the terrain was good for mobile warfare, for which his Allied forces were particularly suited;[21] it offered a means of cutting off the Ruhr,[22] a major industrial region of Germany;[23] and it had the political advantage of involving the British and Canadians. [26][27], Finding the additional service and supply units proved difficult, as the Mediterranean theatre had long been short of them. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. The Mediterranean theatre was only able to provide two field bakeries. [47], The opening of a railway bridge over the Maas at Ravenstein on 4 February enabled the FMCs to be served by rail. No. IF YOU WOULD PREFER TO STAY ANONYMOUS OR KEEP ALL CONTENTS PRIVATE PLEASE STATE THIS CLEARLY ON SUBMISSION: All rights reserved. The four Army garrisons in Germany were under the direct administrative control of UKSC(G). [25] This was codenamed Operation Goldflake, and it involved the redeployment of the I Canadian Corps and British 5th Division from Italy to North West Europe.