Division of Labor. Traditionally, lineage heads and elders were the most knowledgeable aboutand involved withthe lineage and chiefdom jogi, although rwodi also had a role to play in ceremonies involving the latter. century, social stratification appears limited, owing primarily to both Despite the years of leadership by men from the North, that region continued to be marginalized economically after independence, and has suffered higher rates of poverty than other areas of the country. However, during the dry season, as groups of families were forced to congregate around receding water sources, a greater degree of political organization developed. Land Tenure. find its conclusion until the 19th century. From early on, girls and boys learn gender-appropriate behaviors and activities, and these are reflected in both their play and their chores and other responsibilities. Administrative divisions within Acholi, however, both during colonial Although polygyny has often been presented as an ideal, limited means have always made it rare in practice. This cookie is set by Stripe payment gateway. Dances and other activities surrounding spirit possession seem to have been originally introduced from Bunyoro in the early nineteenth century and then became more wide-spread during the tumultuous years of the latter part of that century. million first language speakers at the time. Since 1996 this policy has expanded to encompass the entire rural Acholi population of four districts, one million people. NAPE, along with sister organization the National Association for Women's Action in Development, has brought together more than 5,000 women from . Contemporary versions or amalgams of these practitioners continue to function in Acholi. 1544957. Specifically, this study explored, Living with Language. The relationship between (real) brother and sister is often very close, especially when one acts as the lapidi (nurse-child) to the other, as are the bonds between the children of sisters. During Uganda's colonial period, the British encouraged political and economic development in the south of the country, in particular among the Baganda. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. authority of a district commissioner. At the same time Joseph Kony formed his own rebel group, It refers to people known locally as Luo Gang. The Taxpayer First Act, Pub. With colonial rule came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the authority of a district commissioner. Hansen, Holger B., and Michael Twaddle, eds. The Population Geography of Acholi District. The size and nature of this occasion depend on the age and status of the deceased, with the most lavish and festive celebrations taking place when the person who died was both aged and important. During this time, people were separated from their land for long periods, and many people disappeared or were killed. When Britain established its rule during the early twentieth century, both ideological predisposition and practical utility prompted the colonizers to consider the Acholi a "tribe" and to administer the area as a "tribal" unit. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The earliest modern African political organization in Kenya Colony sought to protest pro-settler policies, and increased taxes on Africans and the despised Kipande (Identifying metal band worn around the neck). The Acholi have small chiefdoms of one or more villages, each with several patrilineal clans. [16] In addition, the people have important rituals for cleansing homes and sites, to welcome back people who have been away a long time, to clear spirits from places where killings have occurred, and to welcome people who have been captive. Acholi by international trade, and descendants of some of these men used In such a context, the land rights of those with the least power widows, the disabled, the elderly were very insecure. The main point of contact Political Organizations | Encyclopedia.com Kasozi, A. [26], In 2016, the multi award-winning film, A Brilliant Genocide was produced. Corrections? In addition there were priest- or priestess-diviners, private practitioners who worked for the well-being of their clients, and witches, who worked in private for evil or destructive purposes. PUBLISHED: 27/01/2023. Ocheng, D. O. During this period of growing integration into the colonial trade routes, the Acholi chiefdoms The conflict", UGANDA: 1,000 displaced die every week in war-torn north - report | Uganda | Refugees/IDPs, UGANDA/DRC: OPERATION RUDIA II UPDATE 2009-06-29, "The Anguish of Northern Uganda - Section 1 - Uganda", Sample of written Acholi from the Language Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acholi_people&oldid=1142669727, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. alongside the other Luo groups in Uganda and Kenya following several waves of migration It does not correspond to any user ID in the web application and does not store any personally identifiable information. During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. After his own father, however, a man's strongest kinship ties are typically with his mother's brother. LRA, after losing support from the local population, also turned on the people of northern social control in the area. The personal and group loss resulting from death is acknowledged as real and permanent. Jur Alur Precolonial trade, both within Acholi and throughout the region, focused mainly on obtaining iron ore and finished iron products in exchange for baskets or products of the farm, herd, or hunt. The Acholi live in small hamlets among patrilineal kin. B.A. The full integration of the Acholi into the British colonial complex happened comparatively late. [7] During the second half of the nineteenth century, Arabic-speaking traders from the north started to call them Shooli, a term which was transformed into 'Acholi'.[8]. Encyclopedia.com. "Land Tenure in Acholi." However, this number is most likely considerably In Changing Uganda: The Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Revolutionary Change, edited by Holger B. Hansen and Michael Twaddle, 162-177. In East African Childhood: Three Versions, edited by L. K. Fox, 43-75. With the coming of the ivory and slave trades, and the firearms that accompanied them, conflict became more frequent, more deadly, and more widely spread. Other uncategorised cookies are those that are being analysed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This cookie is set by Youtube. The LRA has been targeting civilians, the majority being their own tribe, the Acholi. Nevertheless, many remain in a state of displacement. With higher population densities during the dry seasons, groups of families would fall under the rule of one person known as Jago, or clan chief (Cohen & Atieno-Odhiambo, 1968 , p . The 1980 population of the Uganda Acholi was approximately 580,000 (Kasozi 1994, ii), up from some 465,000 in 1969 (Langlands 1971), perhaps 125,000 in 1900 and about 100,000 at the end of the eighteenth century (Atkinson 1994, 275-281). Finally a common social order and political culture developed, and new society and Building on a long-term relationship with the region and utilizing the methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a qualitative questionnaire, I identify two especially important social mechanisms that correlate with the prevalence . All members of the household acknowledge the authority of its head, the husband; each wife or other adult female in the household has traditionally had her own fields, granaries, and kitchen or cooking hut. It is part of the Southern Lwoo languages Orientation Social Organization. Political Organization Defined A political organization subject to Code section 527 is a party, committee, association, fund or other organization (whether or not incorporated) organized and operated primarily for the purpose of directly or indirectly accepting contributions or making expenditures, or both, for an exempt function. ETHNONYMS: Mende (Men-day), Mendes, Huro, Wuro This book presents seminal anthropological works from that period by p'Bitek himself and by Frank Girling, who was researching among the Acholi when p'Bitek was a teenager. As they have for centuries, Acholi farmers rely mainly on iron hoes and other hand tools. Since the British had set up their administrational centre in the Localized lineages have been the fundamental social units in Acholi, with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. last large-scale conflict in Acholi until Amin came to power in 1971. In addition to these six languages, some authors also classify Labwor (Ladefoged, During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. Makerere University (Kampala), Department of Geography. before. Numbering between 400 and 500 by the turn of the twentieth century, these exogamous groups claim descent from a common ancestor (although means exist to incorporate many types of "outsiders" as well) and have special lineage shrines, ritual ceremonies, praise-calls, and totems. The major art forms of the Acholi have been drumming, singing, and dancing. The first leader was Kuturia as mentioned While Acholi also lives north of the South Sudaneseborder, the Sudanese Acholi are often excluded from the political meaning of the term "Acholiland". Organizational politics is a natural part of organizational life. Corn (maize), sorghum, beans, squash, peanuts (groundnuts), and other savanna crops also are grown. In the past, medical problems were addressed through approaches to various spirits, by visits to diviners, and by the use of herbs, roots, and other folk medicines.
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